Woman touching swollen neck area with red inflammation, indicating possible salivary gland mass or infection

Salivary Gland Masses

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual Glands

Salivary gland masses refer to abnormal growths or swellings that develop in one or more of the salivary glands, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. These masses can be benign or malignant, with various causes ranging from infections to tumors. Salivary gland masses may cause discomfort, facial asymmetry, and functional issues such as difficulty swallowing or speaking. While many of these masses are noncancerous, early diagnosis is essential to rule out malignancy and to determine the most appropriate treatment.

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The information provided below and throughout this website is presented for general educational purposes only and does NOT constitute professional medical advice. This information is NOT a substitute for professional medical advice and NO material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a health or a medical condition. Never disregard the advice of a medical professional or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

Becker ENT & Allergy in Philadelphia, PA, offers expert evaluation and treatment for salivary gland masses, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and surgical techniques. Our team of board-certified otolaryngologists provides comprehensive care to ensure optimal patient outcomes. If you are experiencing swelling, pain, or changes in saliva production, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

What Are Salivary Gland Masses?

Salivary gland masses are abnormal growths or enlargements that can develop in the salivary glands, which are responsible for producing saliva to aid in digestion and oral health. These masses can be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections, cysts, benign tumors, and malignant tumors. The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the three major salivary glands where these masses most commonly develop:

Parotid Gland Masses

The parotid glands, located in front of and just below each ear, are the largest salivary glands. Masses in this area are often benign, with pleomorphic adenoma being the most common type. However, approximately 20% of parotid gland tumors are malignant, necessitating careful assessment.

Submandibular Gland Masses

Situated beneath the jawline, the submandibular glands can develop masses due to chronic infections, sialolithiasis (salivary stones), or tumors. While benign tumors like pleomorphic adenomas are common, malignant tumors can also occur in this gland.

Sublingual Gland Masses

The sublingual glands, located under the tongue, are less commonly affected by masses. When they do occur, these masses may result from cysts, infections, or tumors, with a higher likelihood of malignancy compared to other salivary glands.

Types of Salivary Gland Masses

Salivary gland masses can be classified into different types based on their underlying cause and characteristics. While some masses are benign and may not require immediate intervention, others can be malignant and necessitate prompt medical attention. Understanding these types can help in identifying the best course of treatment.

Benign Tumors

These include pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin’s tumors, which are noncancerous but may require removal if they cause discomfort or continue to grow.

Malignant Tumors

These include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, which require prompt treatment due to their aggressive nature.

Cysts

Fluid-filled sacs that can develop due to blockages or infections within the gland.

Sialolithiasis (Salivary Stones)

Hardened mineral deposits that can cause swelling and pain.

Inflammatory Conditions

Conditions such as sialadenitis (infection of the salivary glands) can lead to swelling and the formation of abscesses.

Causes of Salivary Gland Masses

Salivary gland masses can develop for various reasons, including both benign and malignant conditions. Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. Some common causes include:

Benign Tumors

These slow-growing, noncancerous tumors often arise from the glandular tissue. The most common benign tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma, which primarily affects the parotid gland.

Malignant Tumors

Cancerous growths can originate in the salivary glands, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma being the most common type.

Salivary Gland Infections

Bacterial or viral infections, such as mumps, can cause inflammation and swelling in the glands.

Salivary Stones (Sialolithiasis)

Calcium deposits can obstruct the salivary ducts, leading to pain and swelling.

Autoimmune Disorders

Conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome can cause chronic inflammation and dysfunction of the salivary glands.

Symptoms of Salivary Gland Masses

Salivary gland masses may cause a variety of symptoms, depending on their location and underlying cause. Some symptoms may develop gradually, while others may appear suddenly, especially in cases of infection or obstruction. Early recognition of these symptoms can lead to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

Swelling in the Face or Neck: A visible or palpable lump near the affected gland.

Pain or Tenderness: Discomfort, particularly when eating or drinking.

Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production leading to oral dryness.

Difficulty Swallowing or Speaking: Pressure from the mass can interfere with normal function.

Facial Nerve Weakness: Particularly concerning in parotid gland tumors, which can affect facial movement.

Pus or Drainage from the Gland: Often seen with infections or abscesses.

Female doctor palpating patient’s neck to check for salivary gland swelling or masses during clinical exam

Healthcare professional examining young man’s neck for potential salivary gland mass linked to lifestyle risk factors

Risk Factors for Developing Salivary Gland Masses

Several factors may contribute to the development of salivary gland masses, including lifestyle habits, environmental exposures, and genetic predisposition. While some risk factors, such as aging and genetics, cannot be controlled, others, like smoking and radiation exposure, can be mitigated to reduce the likelihood of developing these masses. Understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health. These risk factors include:

Age: Some tumors, such as pleomorphic adenomas, are more common in middle-aged adults.

Radiation Exposure: Prior radiation therapy to the head or neck increases the risk of salivary gland tumors.

Smoking: Warthin’s tumor, a benign salivary gland tumor, is more common in smokers.

Viral Infections: Certain viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus (HPV), have been linked to salivary gland malignancies.

Genetics: A family history of salivary gland tumors may increase susceptibility.

Consultation and Diagnosis

A comprehensive evaluation is essential for accurately diagnosing salivary gland masses and determining the appropriate course of treatment. The diagnostic process begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination, followed by advanced imaging techniques to assess the characteristics of the mass. In many cases, a biopsy is necessary to confirm whether the mass is benign or malignant.

At Becker ENT & Allergy, we conduct a thorough evaluation to diagnose salivary gland masses accurately. This includes:

Medical History and Physical Examination

Imaging Studies (Ultrasound, MRI, CT Scan)

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy

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Treatment Options

The treatment approach for salivary gland masses depends on the type, size, and location of the mass, as well as whether it is benign or malignant. Some cases may require surgical intervention, while others may be managed with minimally invasive procedures or targeted therapies. A personalized treatment plan is developed for each patient to ensure the best possible outcome.

Treatment options may include:

Surgical Removal

Minimally Invasive Procedures (Sialendoscopy for stones)

Radiation Therapy or Chemotherapy for Malignant Tumors

Prevention

While not all salivary gland masses can be prevented, reducing risk factors can help. Avoiding tobacco, staying hydrated, and maintaining good oral hygiene may lower the risk of developing certain conditions.

Why Choose Becker ENT & Allergy?

At Becker ENT & Allergy, our team of board-certified otolaryngologists brings years of experience in diagnosing and treating salivary gland masses with precision and care. We use state-of-the-art imaging and minimally invasive techniques to ensure accurate diagnoses and effective treatment options. Our commitment to patient-centered care means that we prioritize your comfort and health at every step, from diagnosis to recovery.

Becker ENT & Allergy in Philadelphia, PA, provides expert care for salivary gland disorders with advanced diagnostic and treatment options. Our team is committed to personalized patient care and optimal outcomes.

Location and Contact Information

Becker ENT & Allergy proudly serves patients in Philadelphia, PA, and the surrounding areas. Our conveniently located office offers a comfortable environment and cutting-edge technology for diagnosing and treating salivary gland conditions. Contact us today at one of our convenient Philadelphia locations:

Walnut Street Office

1608 Walnut St Suite 902
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Phone: (215) 929-8301

South Street Office

1740 South St Suite 401
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Phone: (215) 671-6330

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Frequently Asked Questions About Salivary Gland Masses

For expert evaluation and treatment of salivary gland masses, schedule a consultation with Becker ENT & Allergy today.

Are salivary gland masses always cancerous?

No, the majority of salivary gland masses are benign and do not pose a serious health risk. However, distinguishing between benign and malignant masses requires a thorough evaluation, including imaging studies and a biopsy. Early diagnosis and intervention can help ensure the most effective treatment and best possible outcome.

How is a salivary gland mass diagnosed?

A salivary gland mass is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and biopsy. During the initial consultation, your doctor will review your symptoms and perform a physical examination. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans help assess the size and characteristics of the mass, while a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides a tissue sample for definitive diagnosis.

What is the recovery time after salivary gland surgery?

Recovery time varies based on the type and extent of surgery performed. Most patients experience mild discomfort and swelling for the first few days following the procedure. While many individuals can resume normal activities within one to two weeks. Complete healing may take longer, particularly in cases involving extensive surgery or malignancy treatment.

Can salivary gland masses return after treatment?

The likelihood of recurrence depends on the nature of the mass and the type of treatment received. Benign tumors such as pleomorphic adenomas have a low recurrence rate when surgically removed with clear margins. Malignant tumors require ongoing monitoring, as they have a higher potential for recurrence, especially if not entirely excised or if they have spread beyond the gland.

What are the risks of surgery for salivary gland masses?

Like any surgical procedure, removing a salivary gland mass carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, and scarring. Additionally, since the facial nerve runs through the parotid gland, there is a risk of temporary or permanent nerve injury that could affect facial movement. However, experienced ENT specialists take precautions to minimize complications and preserve nerve function.

Can salivary gland masses be treated without surgery?

Some salivary gland masses, particularly those caused by infections or salivary stones, can be treated without surgery using antibiotics, hydration, massage, or minimally invasive procedures such as sialendoscopy. However, tumors—whether benign or malignant—often require surgical removal to prevent complications or further growth. The best treatment plan depends on the specific diagnosis.

Is a biopsy necessary to diagnose a salivary gland mass?

Yes, a biopsy is often necessary to determine whether a salivary gland mass is benign or malignant. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that extracts a small tissue sample for microscopic examination. This procedure helps guide treatment decisions and ensures the most appropriate course of action.

What happens if a salivary gland mass is left untreated?

Leaving a salivary gland mass untreated can lead to complications, depending on the cause of the mass. Benign tumors may continue to grow, causing discomfort, cosmetic concerns, or compression of nearby structures. Malignant tumors can spread to other areas, making treatment more complex and reducing the chances of a successful outcome. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for the best prognosis.

Can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of developing a salivary gland mass?

While some risk factors, such as genetics and age, cannot be controlled, certain lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk of developing a salivary gland mass. Avoiding tobacco use, staying hydrated, maintaining good oral hygiene, and minimizing exposure to radiation can all contribute to better salivary gland health. Regular check-ups with an ENT specialist can also help with early detection.

Can lifestyle changes reduce the risk of developing a salivary gland mass?

If you notice persistent swelling, pain, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, or facial nerve weakness, it is important to seek medical evaluation. Any lump in the head or neck region that does not resolve within a few weeks should be assessed by an ENT specialist. Early diagnosis ensures the best chance for effective treatment and successful outcomes.