Allergic Rhinitis Treatment
When the immune system overreacts to allergens in the environment, it can cause allergic rhinitis, a set of symptoms that primarily affect the nose. Millions of people worldwide are affected by this condition. Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy specializes in treating allergic rhinitis, offering comprehensive care and various treatment options for patients suffering from this condition.
- The Different Types of Allergic Rhinitis
- Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
- Common Causes of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
- Diagnosing and Treatment Options for Allergies
- Medication to Treat Allergic Rhinitis
- Natural Ways to Alleviate Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
- Tips for Preventing Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
- Frequently Asked Questions about Allergy Treatments
The Different Types of Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis can be classified into two main types: seasonal and perennial. Seasonal allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, occurs during specific seasons when pollen levels are high. Hay fever symptoms are typically triggered by pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, such as ragweed. Perennial allergic rhinitis occurs year-round and is usually triggered by indoor allergens, such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold spores.
Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can vary from person to person, but they generally include:
- Itchy nose, eyes, throat, or roof of the mouth
- Runny nose and sneezing
- Watery eyes
- Coughing, wheezing, or trouble breathing
- Sore throat
- Dark circles or puffiness under the eyes
- Fatigue
- Headache or sinus pressure
These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, making it essential to seek appropriate treatment options.
Common Causes of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
Allergic rhinitis is caused by an overreaction of the immune system to specific allergens in the environment. When these allergens are inhaled, the body releases histamine and other chemicals that lead to inflammation and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (above). Common allergens include:
- Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds
- Dust mites
- Pet dander
- Mold spores
- Cockroach droppings
Genetics can also play a role in the development of allergic rhinitis, as the condition often runs in families, particularly if the mother has allergies.
Diagnosing and Treatment Options for Allergies
Nasal and Oral Steroids as Treatment for Allergic Rhinitis
The first step in treating allergic rhinitis is to identify the specific allergens causing symptoms. This can be done through allergy testing, such as skin testing or IgE RAST tests. Once the allergens have been identified, the best treatment is to avoid exposure to these triggers whenever possible. However, complete avoidance may not always be feasible, and additional treatment may be necessary.
One way to reduce inflammation in the nasal passages is to use nasal corticosteroid sprays which are considered a common treatment for allergic rhinitis. Nasal sprays can be prescribed by a healthcare provider and are typically used daily for optimal results. Oral steroids, such as prednisone, may also be prescribed for short-term use in severe cases of allergic rhinitis.
Allergen Immunotherapy as Treatment Option for Allergies
For individuals with severe allergic rhinitis or those who cannot avoid exposure to allergens, allergen immunotherapy may be recommended. This treatment involves gradually exposing the patient to increasing amounts of the allergen, with the goal of desensitizing the immune system and reducing the severity of symptoms over time. Allergy shots are the most common form of immunotherapy, but sublingual immunotherapy treatment (SLIT) may also be an option for individuals with grass and ragweed allergies.
Medication to Treat Allergic Rhinitis
Several available medications can help manage allergic rhinitis symptoms. These medications can be prescribed by a healthcare provider or purchased over the counter, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the individual’s needs.
OTC Medications Used to Treat Allergy Symptoms
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can be an effective option for treating mild to moderate allergy symptoms. Some common OTC medications include:
- Antihistamines: These medications help block the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the immune system during an allergic reaction. Examples include cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and loratadine (Claritin).
- Decongestants: These medications help relieve nasal congestion by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages. Examples include pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine).
- Nasal saline sprays: These products help moisturize and soothe dry, irritated nasal passages and can be used as needed throughout the day.
Alternative Treatments Used to Manage Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
In addition to traditional medications, there are alternative treatments that some individuals may find helpful for managing their allergy symptoms. These options should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine if they are appropriate for the individual’s specific needs. Some alternative treatments include:
- Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine practice involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to help balance the flow of energy and alleviate allergy symptoms.
- Herbal supplements: Some individuals may find relief from allergy symptoms by using herbal supplements, such as butterbur or quercetin. However, it’s essential to discuss these options with a healthcare provider before use, as some supplements can interact with medications or cause side effects.
Over-the-Counter Remedies for Allergy Control
In addition to medications, there are several over-the-counter remedies that can help control allergy symptoms. These products can be used in conjunction with medications or on their own, depending on the individual’s needs. Some examples include:
- Nasal irrigation systems: These devices, such as neti pots or sinus rinse bottles, help flush out allergens and mucus from the nasal passages.
- Air purifiers: Air purifiers equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can help reduce the number of allergens in your indoor environment. These filters are designed to capture particles as small as 0.3 microns, including pollen, dust, and pet dander.
- Hypoallergenic bedding: Using allergen-proof pillow and mattress covers can help reduce exposure to dust mites and other allergens while sleeping.
Natural Ways to Alleviate Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
There are several natural ways to help alleviate allergy symptoms and improve overall health. Some of these strategies include:
- Staying indoors during peak pollen times: Pollen counts tend to be highest in the morning and on dry, windy days. Staying indoors during these times can help reduce exposure to allergens.
- Keeping windows closed: Closing windows in the home and car can help prevent pollen and other allergens from entering. When driving, use the air conditioning system and set it to recirculate the air inside the vehicle to minimize allergen exposure.
- Showering after being outdoors: Showering and changing clothes after spending time outdoors can help remove allergens from the skin and hair.
- Using a humidifier: Maintaining proper humidity levels in the home can help alleviate dry, irritated nasal passages.
Tips for Preventing Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms
In addition to treatment, there are several preventative measures that can help reduce the severity and frequency of allergic rhinitis symptoms. These include:
- Monitoring pollen counts and planning outdoor activities accordingly
- Using air conditioning in the home and car to filter out allergens
- Washing bedding regularly in hot water to reduce dust mite exposure
- Vacuuming frequently with a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter
- Removing shoes and outerwear before entering the home to minimize the spread of allergens indoors
- Clean or replace air conditioning and heating system filters regularly
By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you can help minimize your exposure to allergens and improve your overall quality of life.
Pick one of our 16 convenient locations
for your Allergic Rhinitis Treatment
Frequently Asked Questions about Allergy Treatments
In this section, we will address some common questions related to allergic rhinitis treatment. These answers can help you better understand the condition and the various treatment options available.